Can LFP battery be charged under -20C ？

2025-05-07

Ordinary lithium iron phosphate - LiFePO4 batteries will face many problems when charging at -20 degrees Celsius, it is usually not recommended to charge directly, and some specially designed and improved low-temperature lithium iron phosphate batteries can be charged at -20 degrees, the specific analysis is as follows:

Ordinary lithium iron phosphate battery

Internal chemical reaction is inhibited: low temperature slows down the internal chemical reaction rate of the battery, increases the viscosity of the electrolyte, slows down the migration rate of lithium ions, and decreases the utilization efficiency of active substances.

Lithium ion diffusion difficulties:

Low temperature inhibits the diffusion of lithium ions in graphite, the conductivity of the electrolyte decreases, the speed of lithium ion embedding in the negative electrode slows down, and the competition with the lithium plating reaction increases, which may lead to the generation of lithium dendrites, damage the battery and bring safety risks.

The activity of the positive material is reduced:

the activity of the positive material is reduced at low temperatures, and the number of lithium ions that can participate in the discharge is reduced during charging, which will also affect the removal and migration of lithium ions from the positive electrode, so that the charging efficiency is reduced.

Increased internal resistance of the battery:

the passivation film between the electrode and the electrolyte makes it difficult for ions to cross, the movement speed of ions in the electrolyte is reduced, and the diffusion inside the negative material is not smooth after reaching the negative electrode, resulting in increased internal resistance of the battery as a whole, increased heating during charging, and increased energy loss.

Low temperature lithium iron phosphate battery

Material and process improvement:

such as the use of nano lithium iron phosphate cathode materials, modified negative materials, functional electrolyte, optimize the electrode process and battery structure design, can improve the low temperature performance.

The hardware version of Yesa company's car start-stop lithium battery uses of this low temperature material to realize the function. Further our software version start-stop battery using smart BMS to preheat the battery for normal charging and discharging at low temperatures, thereby improving the battery performance and extending its service life.

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